![]() This CPU integration has cut motherboard manufacturers' costs. Integrated video has moved from a motherboard slotted peripheral to graphics-enabled CPUs.ĪMD's Ryzen has a system-on-a-chip design that also makes the Southbridge chipset optional. Some memory controllers are now built into CPUs that has eliminated the Northbridge chips that provided memory management from the motherboard. Other form factor designers include the following: Motherboard designs in desktop computers typically are the ATX motherboard, which is Intel's improved version of IBM's AT design. Choosing a motherboard often determines many features a computer will support. This is done through point-to-point interconnects such as HyperTransport, Intel's QuickPath Interconnect and Ultra Path Interconnect. The CPU is generally connected to double data rate 3 (DDR3), DDR4, DDR5 or onboard LPDDRx RAM and PCIe. Typically motherboards offer additional connectivity through a Southbridge chip such as PCI, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA, Thunderbolt, USB and other interfaces. PCI Express slots on a motherboardĪ heatsink and fan manage the heat components such as the CPU generate. These include processor sockets dual in-line memory modules Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI Express ( PCIe) and solid-state drive M.2 slots as well as power supply connections. Other components get added to a motherboard through expansion slots. The PCB of a large motherboard may include six to 14 layers of fiberglass, copper connecting traces and copper planes for power and signal isolation. Motherboard manufacturers include Acer, ASRock, Asus, Gigabyte Technology, Intel and Micro-Star International. The external peripherals include Wi-Fi, Ethernet and graphics cards with the graphics processing unit, or GPU. The components that connect through them include chipsets, central processing units ( CPU) and memory. Motherboards can be found in virtually all computers, especially desktop and laptop PCs. The motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect. A motherboard is the main printed circuit board ( PCB) in a computer.
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